Overview of Population Growth Rates

The rate of national population growth is expressed as a percentage for each country, commonly between about 0.1% and 3% annually. Natural Growth vs. Overall Growth Youll find two percentages associated with population - natural growth and overall growth. Natural growth represents the births and deaths in a countrys population and does not take into account migration. The overall growth rate takes migration into account. For example, Canadas natural growth rate is 0.3% while its overall growth rate is 0.9%, due to Canadas open immigration policies. In the U.S., the natural growth rate is 0.6% and overall growth is 0.9%. The growth rate of a country provides demographers and geographers with a good contemporary variable for current growth and for comparison between countries or regions. For most purposes, the overall growth rate is more frequently utilized. Doubling Time The growth rate can be used to determine a country or regions -- or even the planets -- doubling time, which tells us how long it will take for that areas current population to double. This length of time is determined by dividing the growth rate into 70. The number 70 comes from the natural log of 2, which is .70. Given Canadas overall growth of 0.9% in the year 2006, we divide 70 by .9 (from the 0.9%) and yield a value of 77.7 years. Thus, in 2083, if the current rate of growth remains constant, Canadas population will double from its current 33 million to 66 million. However, if we look at the U.S. Census Bureaus International Data Base Summary Demographic Data for Canada, we see that Canadas overall growth rate is expected to decline to 0.6% by 2025. With a growth rate of 0.6% in 2025, Canadas population would take about 117 years to double (70 / 0.6 116.666). The Worlds Growth Rate The worlds current (overall as well as natural) growth rate is about 1.14%, representing a doubling time of 61 years. We can expect the worlds population of 6.5 billion to become 13 billion by 2067 if current growth continues. The worlds growth rate peaked in the 1960s at 2% and a doubling time of 35 years. Negative Growth Rates Most European countries have low growth rates. In the United Kingdom, the rate is 0.2%, in Germany, its 0.0%, and in France, 0.4%. Germanys zero rate of growth includes a natural increase of -0.2%. Without immigration, Germany would be shrinking, like the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic and some other European countries growth rate is actually negative (on average, women in the Czech Republic give birth to 1.2 children, which is below the 2.1 needed to yield zero population growth). The Czech Republics natural growth rate of -0.1 cannot be used to determine doubling time because the population is actually shrinking in size. High Growth Rates Many Asian and African countries have high growth rates. Afghanistan has a current growth rate of 4.8%, representing a doubling time of 14.5 years. If Afghanistans growth rate remains the same (which is very unlikely and the countrys projected growth rate for 2025 is a mere 2.3%), then the population of 30 million would become 60 million in 2020, 120 million in 2035, 280 million in 2049, 560 million in 2064, and 1.12 billion in 2078! This is a ridiculous expectation. As you can see, population growth percentages is better utilized for short term projections. Increased population growth generally represents problems for a country - it means increased need for food, infrastructure, and services. These are expenses that most high-growth countries have little ability to provide today, let alone if the population rises dramatically.

Social And Behavioral Sciences Death Dying And Grieving

Short Project Paper Social and Behavioral Sciences: Death dying and Grieving I wrote a report on a person that lost his spouse. This paper relates to a person that has experienced a major tragedy in his life. His spouse of 31 years has died. I spoke with Don Joseph, a 59-year-old male who had experienced the death and grievance of his spouse, love of his life, mother to his children and lifetime friend. In Accordance with the periods of development from page 13 of the textbook, these events were occurring during the periods of Middle adulthood when the person magnifies his or her personal and social involvements and responsibilities (Santrock, 2016). Additional method used by interviewee was the Social Cognitive theory of observational learning, modeling, learning by watching others (Bandura, 2016) Grievance over the death of Parents and Facing the Death of a Partner This is Mr. Josephs’ story. He informed me that he has experienced the death of both parents and spouse. He has been a caregiver for all three. He believes those traits were inherited from the love and kindness shown by his mother. His spouse and father died within 2 months of each other. In 1990 he became the primary caregiver of his father and in 2006 after his spouse illness worsened. He states that, being a caregiver was extremely challenging. Especially during 2013 while taking care of my father and spouse. 2001, Mr. Josephs’ wife was diagnosed with a life altering disease, Lupus. SheShow MoreRelatedLoss : The Many Faces Of Grief1406 Words   |  6 Pageslife transition of death and dying is inevitably one with which we will all be faced; we will all experience the death of people we hold close throughout our lifetime. This paper will explore the different processes of grief including the bereavement, mourning, and sorrow individuals go through after losi ng someone to death. Bereavement is a period of adaptation following a life changing loss. This period encompasses mourning, which includes behaviors and rituals following a death, and the wide rangeRead MoreEssay about Anticipatory Grief3822 Words   |  16 PagesGrief and its effects is considered in this paper with the purpose of better understanding how it affects a person. Grief is a natural reaction to loss and change which affects all aspects of a person’s life: the physical, emotional, psychological, behavioral, and spiritual. Grief is not expected but will be experienced in a variety of ways such as experienced, sudden, gradual or anticipated. While most people will experience loss at one time in their lives, not everyone responds in the same way orRead MoreCase Analysis: The Roy Adaptation Model2741 Words   |  11 Pagesthat she held to term. Upon arriving to the floor for my shift, I was notified that the nurses working that day had refused to be assigned to the patient because the deceased infant was currently in the room at the mothers request to aide in her grieving. I accepted the patient assignment, but was shocked by the other nurses reaction to what I believed to be a heartbreaking situation. This type of patient assignment isnt typical for our floor, but given the circumstances the patient had requestedRead MoreHandling the Stigma of Handling the Dead4211 Words   |  17 PagesI. RESEARCH QUESTION How do morticians and funeral directors handle the stigma associated with their work? Hanslin states the focus of Thompsons article as: Who are these death specialists who handle dead bodies, and how do they handle the stigma that comes from handling the dead? II. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES A. Symbolic Interactionism is found in the article on pg 225 when the author discusses that people that work in funeral homes use various symbolic measures to rename or change the outwardRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 Pagesimpact or have used only subjective measures of organizational impact.40 Prevention of Skill Obsolescence Technological change is often a cause of skill obsolescence in engineering, science, and the professions. Because of the rapidity of change, the knowledge half-lives in electrical engineering and computer science are five years and two and one-half years, respectively.41 In addition, other professionals and managers run a risk of having their skills become obsolete because of changes in technology

Australian Tax Analysis for Political Economy- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAustralian Tax Analysis for Political Economy. Answer: Advise to Minh On whether he would be regarded as a resident in Australia Taxation for resident and non-resident incomes is explained below to determine whether Minh is eligible for this kind of taxes. The taxation rulling of tax income ( TC), residency status of people that are entering Australia. The rulling was about the class of person and arrangements, the income tax assessment act of 1993 and 1997. The status of residency with regards with previous tax Acts ATO applies on from the years 1999-2000. The status of residency for purposes of income tax is a dtermination of facts only and the tax liability can be determined year on year basis. The determination of individual tax status is a determination of the years event. Section 995-1 of 1936 Act defines a resident person. Non-Resident Income Tax (IRNR) The income tax of non-residents is a tax established in Australia and is direct nature. Australia taxes the income obtained in its territory by natural persons and entities not resident in it and there are basic regulations which approves the Regulation of the Tax on the Income of non-Residents (Melville, 2017). With regard to income tax of non-residents, it is necessary to take into account domestic legislation in addition to the different international double taxation agreements signed by the Australian and the other countries. These Treaties seek to avoid double taxation arising from the concurrence of two or more fiscal sovereignties over the same income and are applied in preference to domestic legislation (Engdahl, 2011). An example is a resident of Malaysia derives income from renting a home located in Australia. As a resident in Malaysia, you will be taxed for your worldwide rent, including Australian rent. But in turn the rental of a property located in Australia will also b e subject to taxation in Australia. In this case a double taxation occurs that is solved with the Agreement of Double Taxation between Malaysia and Australia (Barkoczy, n.d.). The Fiscal Residence a. - The residence of the physical persons Agreement and Double Residence (natural persons) Agreement and Double Residence (legal entities). Is when an entity is considered as resident in both States, the agreements generally establish that it will be considered as resident only in the State where its effective address is located (Ricardo, 2015) Double residence and double taxation rule can be found from Levene v. The Commisioners of Inland Revenue( 1928) 13 TC 489 AND AC 2017. Accreditation of fiscal residence A legal entity will accredit its fiscal residence in a certain country by means of a certificate issued by the Fiscal Authority. The term of validity of such certificates is extended to one year. The validity will be indefinite when the taxpayer is a foreign State, some of its political or administrative subdivisions or its local entities as seen in TR 98/17 Taxable event The taxable event of this Tax is obtained by the taxpayers on incomes of any nature in Australian territory (Australian master tax guide, n.d.). Forms of subjection As mentioned there are two forms of non-resident income tax: Taxpayers who obtain income without a permanent establishment are taxed separately for each charge, total or partial, of taxable income. The tax base consists of the total income received (that is, without deduction of expenses or losses, except in certain specific activities) AS IN In Peel v.The Commissioners of Inland Revenue(1927) 13 TC443 For Mihn in this case, he is more of an Australian resident but domiciled in Malaysia where he conducts his businesses as illustrated in International Tax Agreements Act 1953 How Mihns residency status will affect his Malaysian business and investment income When he eventually becomes a resident in Australia, he will have to forfeit his Malaysian citizenship and therefore will be taxed as a non-resident for his investments in Malaysia and Australia. If there is a phenomenon that has revived the economic crisis is that of emigration. Many people have opted to immigrate to other countries in search of employment opportunities denied here. This has greatly increased a 2015 income profile: that of the non-resident taxpayer, which also includes those displaced in the national territory who meet certain conditions (Coleman et al., 2013). Non-resident income tax the first step will be to define who should be taxed by the Non-Resident Income Tax, which will generally be the individuals who have obtained income in Australia even if their fiscal residence is not in the country. In other words, if you have earned money in operations in Australia you must declare them, although this does not mean that you should always file the tax. Approving the consolidated text of the Non-Resident Income Tax Law, is responsible for regulating this tax and establishing the specific cases and income for which it will be necessary pay taxes even if one does not live in Australia(Coleman et al., 2013). Income subject to Non-Resident Income Tax As a general rule, the law establishes that "it is the taxable event to obtain income, in cash or in kind, in Australian territory". From a definition so general and shallow, a series of clearer assumptions about income are articulated that will effectively be subject to the payment of Non-Resident Income Tax as in the case of n Gregory Dixon J said (at CLR 778; ATD 399) The revenues that will pay taxes in this section are as follows:Income from activities carried out in Australian territory, which will also include economic holdings, whether or not there is a physical location or establishment location.Income from work, as long as it is derived, directly or indirectly from a personal activity developed in Australian territory or in the case of payments by the Administration. If the activity is carried out entirely abroad, as in the case of an employee via internet, this rule will not be applicable. It is understood that the network reverts of a special international character (Coleman et al., 2013). If you have obtained an income of this type, you must reflect it in the tax of non-residents and tax for it. Conclusion As with personal income tax, there is a series of income exempt from tax on Non-Resident Income Tax. These are incomes that you will not have to include in this tax and which the law identifies as the following in the income 2015. Income exempt from personal income tax that is included in article 7-12 of the Personal Income Tax Law (Deutsch, 2008).The yields of public debt obtained and securities issued in Australia without the mediation of permanent establishment in Australia, which come to be the majority of the cases. References Australian master tax guide. (n.d.). . Barkoczy, S. (n.d.). Australian tax casebook. Coleman, C., Hart, G., Bondfield, B., McKerchar, M., McLaren, J., Sadiq, K. and Ting, A. (2013). Australian tax analysis. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Deutsch, R. (2008). Australian tax handbook. Pyrmont, N.S.W.: Thomson. Engdahl, S. (2011). Taxation. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Melville, A. (2017). Taxation. Pearson Education Limited. Ricardo, D. (2015). On the principles of political economy, and taxation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.